Down‐regulating Myoferlin inhibits the vasculogenic mimicry of melanoma via decreasing MMP‐2 and inducing mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) constitutes a novel approach for tumour blood supply and contributes to tumour metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with melanoma. Myoferlin (MYOF), a type II membrane protein involved in membrane regeneration and repair, is elevated in several malignant tumours, especially in advanced melanomas. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of MYOF in the regulation of VM. VM structures were found in 14 of 52 tested melanoma samples, and high MYOF expression correlated with VM structures. According to Kaplan-Meier survival curves, VM channels and elevated MYOF expression both correlated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Down-regulation of MYOF by siRNA severely impaired the capability of A375 cells to form VM structures in vitro. Further studies demonstrated MYOF knockdown inhibited cell migration and invasion, which is required for VM formation, via decreasing MMP-2 expression as evidenced by Western blotting, RT-RCP and ELISA results. SB-3CT, a specific inhibitor of MMP-2, showed similar inhibiting effects with siMYOF, further supporting that MYOF down-regulation inhibits MMP-2 expression to affect VM formation. Moreover, MYOF knockdown suppress VM formation by A375 cells by inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). After down-regulating MYOF, focal adhesions were enlarged and A375 cells developed into a clear epithelial morphology. Such cells acquired the expression of E-cadherin at adherens junctions along with a loss of mesenchymal markers, such as Vimentin and Twist1. In conclusion, MYOF plays an important role in VM and knockdown of MYOF suppresses VM formation via decreasing MMP-2 and inducing MET in A375 melanoma cells.